Producing an EPD is not difficult – but it requires structure, the right data, and the correct methodology. Here, we go through the entire process step by step, from the initial scope definition to the finished and verified EPD.
Step 1: Define the product and scope
The work begins by determining:
- Which product should be declared
- Functional unit (e.g., 1 kg, 1 m², 1 piece)
- Which life cycle stages should be included
- Which PCR (Product Category Rules) apply
Correct delimitation is crucial for the EPD to be valid.
Step 2: Collect data and conduct LCA
All relevant information is gathered here, for example:
- Materials and raw materials
- Energy in production
- Transport
- Spillage and waste
- Possible use and end phase
Data can be:
- Primary data (from own operations)
- Secondary data (databases)
The result is a quantified life cycle analysis.
Step 3: Calculations according to standard
The LCA is calculated according to established standards. Environmental indicators are developed here, including:
- Climate impact (CO₂e)
- Energy and resource indicators
- Waste streams
All assumptions and data sources must be clearly documented.
Step 4: Third-party review
An independent verifier reviews:
- Method selection
- Data quality
- Calculations
- Compliance with PCR and standards
Without this review, the document is not a valid EPD.
Step 5: Publication and use
The verified EPD is published in an EPD program and can then be used in:
- Procurement
- Climate calculations
- Sales and customer dialogue
- Sustainability reporting
EPDs also need to be updated when products or processes change.
Common mistakes in EPD work
- Poor data quality
- Incorrect or outdated PCR
- Manual processes that cannot be scaled
- One-time EPD without an update plan
Structure and system support reduce both costs and risks.
Summary
Creating an EPD is about moving from assumptions to verified facts. With the right process, EPDs become a tool for business, innovation, and credibility rather than a burden.